What is the main difference between typical and atypical antipsychotics?

The distinction between typical and atypical antipsychotics is primarily based on their mechanisms of action. Typical antipsychotics, which are often considered first-generation medications, primarily target dopamine receptors in the brain. This dopamine blockade can help reduce symptoms of psychosis, such as delusions and hallucinations, but often comes with a higher risk of extrapyramidal side effects, such as tremors and rigidity.

Atypical antipsychotics, on the other hand, represent a second generation of medication that not only targets dopamine receptors but also interacts with serotonin receptors. This dual action is significant because it allows atypical antipsychotics to manage not just psychotic symptoms but also additional symptoms such as mood disturbances and anxiety, potentially leading to a broader therapeutic profile. As a result, atypical antipsychotics tend to have a different side effect profile, often with a lower risk of movement disorders compared to their typical counterparts.

This nuanced understanding of the receptor targets of each class of medication highlights why knowing the specific mechanisms is crucial for effective treatment planning in mental health care.