Which of the following is an example of cognitive distortion?

Cognitive distortions refer to negative thought patterns that can contribute to feelings of anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. All-or-nothing thinking is a prime example of such a distortion. This type of thinking involves viewing situations in black-and-white terms, where one perceives experiences as either completely good or completely bad, with no middle ground. For instance, a person might believe that if they don’t succeed in a single aspect of their life, they are an absolute failure, disregarding any successes or positive experiences they have had.

The other options provided do not embody cognitive distortions. Positive affirmations, for example, are designed to help improve self-esteem and promote a more balanced view of oneself. Seeking therapy is a constructive approach to addressing mental health issues, promoting healthy thought patterns and coping mechanisms. Mindfulness involves being present in the moment and recognizing thoughts without judgment, which can actually counteract cognitive distortions rather than perpetuate them. Therefore, all-or-nothing thinking stands out as the clear example of a cognitive distortion in this context.